Theoretical Comparisons of Electoral Systems
نویسنده
چکیده
Elements of an economic theory of political institutions are introduced. A variety of electoral systems are reviewed. Cox’s threshold is shown to measure incentives for diversity and specialization of candidates’ positions, when the number of serious candidates is given. Duverger’s law and its generalizations are discussed, to predict the number of serious candidates. Duverger’s law is interpreted as a statement about electoral barriers to entry, and this idea is linked to the question of the effectiveness of democratic competition as a deterrent to political corruption. The impact of post-electoral bargaining on party structure in presidential and parliamentary systems is discussed. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D72
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